Strategy for Innovation and Development of Science and Technology

Photonic chip is core component in the upstream of the optoelectronic industry chain. It is an emerging technology of electronic integration technology and is expected to become new technical support in the information field to lead the next round of technological and industrial reform. On the basis of analyzing the development characteristics and future trends of photonic chip industry in China, this paper summarizes the development status and existing problems of Guangdong's photonic chip industry, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions such as strengthening governmental support and capital investment, implementing core technology research plans, accelerating the construction of technological innovation platforms, and cultivating high-level innovative enterprises.

This paper uses the global principal component analysis method to comprehensively score the development degree of digital economy in 21 cities in Guangdong, and analyzes the influencing factors of digital economy development through a fixed-effect model. The results show that: Firstly, the digital economy development level of Shenzhen is relatively high, and the development trend of Guangzhou, Zhuhai and Dongguan is outstanding. Secondly, the development of Guangdong's digital economy is mainly affected by the urbanization rate and economic development level. Thirdly, the development of digital economy in the PRD is mainly affected by technological progress and the level of human capital, and the development outside the PRD is mainly affected by the level of regional economic development.

By sorting out the development status of artificial intelligence in the United States, this paper analyzes the strategic layout and measures of the US government to strengthen artificial intelligence R&D and innovation, and summarizes the American experience of artificial intelligence development, including the strategic layout and governmentsupport, the strong investment of industry, the continuous participation of technology and policy experts and the public. Finally, the paper expounds the enlightenment and reference of the development of artificial intelligence in the United States to China from four dimensions: technology policy, industrial policy, education policy and international policy.

Based on the systematic combing of Marx's labor education theory, education ecology theory, triple helix model theory, German Humboldt education theory and other related theories and policies, this paper analyzes the strategic orientation, policy changes and role positioning of the the integration of vocational education and general education, the integration of industry and education, and the integration of science and education. And the paper constructs the framework of strategy, goal, path, element and subject relationship, then puts forward countermeasures and suggestions such as strengthening the professionalism of higher education, improving the applicability of talent training, and giving full play to the carrier-type national strategic scientific and technological strength in the process of the above three integrations.

New R&D institutions are increasingly becoming an important starting point for implementing the innovation driven development strategy and deepening the reform of the science and technology system. This paper analyzes the incentive policies of the state and various regions for New R&D institutions, the incentive mechanism and guarantee system for promoting the high-quality development of New R&D institutions, studies the future development trend of New R&D institutions. Then the paper analyzes the current situation and shortcomings of New R&D institutions in Guangdong,and puts forward suggestions in order to better promote the high-quality development of New R&D institutions in Guangdong.

Based on the theory of science and technology innovation, this paper compares the innovation capabilities of Zhuhai and other cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from the input and output of innovation highlands. The study finds that there are some shortcomings in Zhuhai's scientific and technological innovation, such as single source of R&D funds, weak strength of higher education, low level of scientific and technological cooperation with Hong Kong, and poor effects of industry-university-research. Thus the paper further puts forward countermeasures and suggestions such as expanding the sources of scientific research funding, introducing Hong Kong and Macao science and technology innovation resources, establishing university science and technology parks, and building an industry-university-research information sharing platform, so as to provide reference for Zhuhai to build innovation highland in the Greater Bay Area.

Enterprises are the main body of technological innovation, and the main and dynamic force in the field of basic research. Based on the study on basic research model of Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd., this paper finds that it has implemented a two-wheel drive strategy of visionary assumptions and applied research in the field of basic research, forming a multi-level basic research development model based on direct participation, supported by loose coupling between universities and enterprises, and supplemented by individualized and precise support. Thus, the paper puts forward the suggestions to promote Chinese enterprises to carry out basic research, such as increasing tax relief, supporting enterprise participation in basic research, and strengthening intellectual property protection.

Under the background of Sino-US competition, based on the entropy weight Topsis method, this paper establishes an evaluation model of scientific and technological strength from three aspects: new technology application ability, technological innovation ability and technical resource acquisition ability. By comparing the trends of the scientific and technological strength index of China and the United States from 2017 to 2021, the paper finds out that: firstly, China’s scientific and technological strength has grown rapidly, but there is still an absolute gap with the United States; secondly, the ability to apply technology has increased simultaneously; thirdly, China's technological innovation ability is still lower than that of the United States, but its growth potential is relatively large; fourthly, China is rapidly narrowing the gap with the United States in terms of technological resource acquisition capabilities. Thus, the paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions for China to accelerate the popularization and application of new technologies, solve technical bottlenecks, and build fair and open technology trade rules.

Combined with the development trend of Sino-US science and technology competition, on the basis of combing and analyzing the basic situation, characteristics and reasons of US technology export controls on China, this paper analyzes the impact of US technology export controls on Guangdong's industrial development and scientific and technological innovation activities. The research results show that: (1) US export controls mainly focus on the field of high and new technologies, which have a greater impact on the innovation and development of Guangdong's new generation of information technology, artificial intelligence, new energy vehicles and other strategic emerging industries and pillar industries. (2) US export controls cover a variety of high-end precision instruments and equipment, which are not conducive to Guangdong innovation entities to carry out technology research and development activities. (3) US export controls have a large ripple effect, directly or indirectly affecting the transformation and upgrading process of Guangdong's traditional industries. Finally, the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for Guangdong responding to US technology export controls from the aspects of strengthening the analysis and judgment of the US science and technology policy, strengthening the “stranglehold” technology research, and improving the source supply capacity of key core technologies.

Based on the R&D activity data of 24 undergraduate universities in Shanghai from 2018 to 2019, this paper uses the DEA method to analyze the input-output efficiency of R&D activities, and analyzes its non-DEA-effectiveness based on the input redundancy rate and output shortage rate, finally uses the DEA grading effective evaluation method to further compare the resource utilization rate of R&D activities of various universities. The results show that the overall level of input-output efficiency of R&D activities in these 24 universities is not high, and the return to scale shows a decreasing trend; the under-output of non-DEA-effective universities is mainly reflected in the actual income of the year obtained from technology transfer, and the redundancy of inputs is mainly reflected in the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel.

The off-site new type R&D institution held by university must adhere to the concept of in-depth integration of scientific research, social service, and local high-tech development, and pay close attention to its special role in the university discipline support, functional extension and cross-regional interaction in terms of functional positioning, thus effectively serves the enhancement of the comprehensive disciplinary power of the university. The practice of the Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University shows that in order to ensure sustained growth impetus for new research institutes, the institute must firmly follow the development pattern of concentrating on national science strategic needs, develope through technological innovation, and promote the substantial operation of the institutes. The development pattern of the off-site new type R&D institution held by university is to concentrate on the development goal in cutting-edge technology, gather and acquire core resources, and issue flexible and innovative development policies, thus paves up a fast lane.

Based on current situation of the empowerment reform of scientific and technological achievements in Guangdong, this paper combs and analyzes the relevant policies and measures at the national and Guangdong levels, and in view of the problems existing in the implementation of reform policies in Guangdong, it proposes countermeasures and suggestions such as introducing supporting policies for the empowerment reform, establishing exemption mechanism, and perfecting local regulations, in order to provide reference for Guangdong to promote the deepening implementation of empowerment reform of scientific and technological achievements,and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

The team of skilled personnel is an important subject supporting China's manufacturing and creation, and strengthening the training of skilled personnel is the due meaning of building a new development pattern. Based on the new challenges faced by the training of skilled talents in Foshan, this paper proposes to accelerate the exploration of a new path for the training of skilled personnel in the integration and development of the talent chain and the industrial chain, the coordinated development of pre-service and post-vocational education, the integration and development of production and education between schools and enterprises, and the coordinated development of skilled talents in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, so as to help Foshan build itself into city of craftsmanship.

In recent years, some cities and regions in China have taken the actual development of artificial intelligence into account, and promoted the high-quality construction of the new generation of national artificial intelligence innovative development pilot zone by taking advantage of regional advantageous resource endowment and industrial agglomeration effect. By systematically analyzing the advanced experiences of other cities in building national pilot zones and summarizing their shortcomings, this paper puts forward suggestions such as establishing an efficient and collaborative work promotion mechanism, designing forward-looking layout of key common technology research and development, accelerating the gathering of innovation resources, and building typical application demonstrations, in order to provide experience for promoting Guangzhou's science and technology innovation and the construction of thenew generation of national artificial intelligence innovative development pilot zone.

High-tech zones are important carriers for promoting industrial transformation, upgrading and innovative development, thus research on the development of industrial clusters in high-tech zones is helpful to understand their formation process and promote the sustainable development of industrial clusters. Taking Guangdong high-tech zone as an example, this paper studies and analyzes the mechanism of high-tech zones on the development of regional industrial clusters, sorts out the main effects and typical models of industrial clusters in Guangdong high-tech zones, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for deepening development around resource collaboration, industrial collaboration, talent training, and institutional environment.

R&D investment is the material basis of science and technology innovation. Based on the research on the structure and resource allocation of R&D funding in Guizhou, this paper analyzes the structural characteristics of the three major R&D activities in the R&D funding in the Twelfth Five-Year Period, and uses the Cobb-Douglas utility function model to calculate and obtains the optimal allocation ratio as 1∶1.04∶4.85. Based on this, the paper puts forward suggestions such as guiding and balancing R&D funding investment with financial science and technology funds, stimulating enterprises to increase basic research funding investment.

With the increasing complexity of social governance and the gradual increase in the individualization of people's service needs, technological innovation has become an important strategy for the government to improve national governance performance. This paper visually analyzes 451 CSSCI papers with the subject words of “Technological Governance” in the China National Knowledge Infrastructur(CNKI)from 2001 to 2021, and draws the knowledge graph of technological governance in China. The results show that the research achievements in the field of technological governance in China are increasing year by year, and have gone through three development stages of concept germination, theory construction and empirical demonstration; China's technological governance has formed a research system supported by governance tools, based on governance practice as the source, characterized by governance risks and supplemented by governance experience, and the research on technological governance presents the development trend of modernizationt,intelligent,experiential,and specificity. In the future, research should focus on expanding the research path of technological governance from multiple perspectives, and constantly summarizing and forming the local theory from the governance practice, so as to continue to promote China's technological governance research to mature.

In the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, technology transfer institutions are the bridge and link connecting technology supply and demand. By analyzing and summarizing the construction experience of typical technology transfer institutions in Europe, combining with the current situation of technology transfer institutions in China, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions such as exploring the technology transfer operation mode supported by the government for market-oriented operation, innovating the profit model of technology transfer institutions, establishing a sound technology transfer talent cultivation system and the supervision mechanism of the technology transfer market.

Based on the management practice of the post-doctoral research workstation of Guangdong Academy of Sciences, this paper finds that there are problems such as insufficient introduction and retention of outstanding doctoral students, and the effect of the transformation of postdoctoral innovation achievements is not obvious. Thus the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions such as further increasing postdoctoral support, strengthening the transfer and transformation of postdoctoral scientific research results, and establishing and improving the retention mechanism of postdoctoral outstanding talents, so as to provide reference for the establishment and development of postdoctoral research workstations of academies of sciences.

Based on the perspective of intelligence research and the data of papers and invention patents in the field of communication networks in Guangdong Province, this paper analyzes the development status and situation of Guangdong communication network industry technology by bibliometric method and comparison of citation indicators, and sorts out and interprets the macro situation, regional layout and institutional technical competitiveness of the field. Finally, based on the actual situation of Guangdong, the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions such as accurately grasping the development trend and digging deeply into the needs of industrial innovation, strengthening the systematic layout of technological development, and strengthening the overseas layout of patents.