Strategy for Innovation and Development of Science and Technology

In recent years, Sino-US trade friction is not only a kind of economic behavior and foreign trade competition, but also a battle of high-tech between China and the United States, while blocking China's scientific research institutions and high-tech enterprises is the main means used by the United States to squash China's scientific and technological development. With the overall escalation of the Sino-US trade friction, the United States has been upgrading the technical blockade of Huawei. Taking Huawei as an example, this paper analyzes the impact of Sino-US trade friction on Guangdong's high-tech industry and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions.

Photonic chip is core component in the upstream of the optoelectronic industry chain. It is an emerging technology of electronic integration technology and is expected to become new technical support in the information field to lead the next round of technological and industrial reform. On the basis of analyzing the development characteristics and future trends of photonic chip industry in China, this paper summarizes the development status and existing problems of Guangdong's photonic chip industry, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions such as strengthening governmental support and capital investment, implementing core technology research plans, accelerating the construction of technological innovation platforms, and cultivating high-level innovative enterprises.

This paper uses the global principal component analysis method to comprehensively score the development degree of digital economy in 21 cities in Guangdong, and analyzes the influencing factors of digital economy development through a fixed-effect model. The results show that: Firstly, the digital economy development level of Shenzhen is relatively high, and the development trend of Guangzhou, Zhuhai and Dongguan is outstanding. Secondly, the development of Guangdong's digital economy is mainly affected by the urbanization rate and economic development level. Thirdly, the development of digital economy in the PRD is mainly affected by technological progress and the level of human capital, and the development outside the PRD is mainly affected by the level of regional economic development.

By sorting out the development status of artificial intelligence in the United States, this paper analyzes the strategic layout and measures of the US government to strengthen artificial intelligence R&D and innovation, and summarizes the American experience of artificial intelligence development, including the strategic layout and governmentsupport, the strong investment of industry, the continuous participation of technology and policy experts and the public. Finally, the paper expounds the enlightenment and reference of the development of artificial intelligence in the United States to China from four dimensions: technology policy, industrial policy, education policy and international policy.

Based on the systematic combing of Marx's labor education theory, education ecology theory, triple helix model theory, German Humboldt education theory and other related theories and policies, this paper analyzes the strategic orientation, policy changes and role positioning of the the integration of vocational education and general education, the integration of industry and education, and the integration of science and education. And the paper constructs the framework of strategy, goal, path, element and subject relationship, then puts forward countermeasures and suggestions such as strengthening the professionalism of higher education, improving the applicability of talent training, and giving full play to the carrier-type national strategic scientific and technological strength in the process of the above three integrations.

New R&D institutions are increasingly becoming an important starting point for implementing the innovation driven development strategy and deepening the reform of the science and technology system. This paper analyzes the incentive policies of the state and various regions for New R&D institutions, the incentive mechanism and guarantee system for promoting the high-quality development of New R&D institutions, studies the future development trend of New R&D institutions. Then the paper analyzes the current situation and shortcomings of New R&D institutions in Guangdong,and puts forward suggestions in order to better promote the high-quality development of New R&D institutions in Guangdong.

Based on the theory of science and technology innovation, this paper compares the innovation capabilities of Zhuhai and other cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from the input and output of innovation highlands. The study finds that there are some shortcomings in Zhuhai's scientific and technological innovation, such as single source of R&D funds, weak strength of higher education, low level of scientific and technological cooperation with Hong Kong, and poor effects of industry-university-research. Thus the paper further puts forward countermeasures and suggestions such as expanding the sources of scientific research funding, introducing Hong Kong and Macao science and technology innovation resources, establishing university science and technology parks, and building an industry-university-research information sharing platform, so as to provide reference for Zhuhai to build innovation highland in the Greater Bay Area.

Enterprises are the main body of technological innovation, and the main and dynamic force in the field of basic research. Based on the study on basic research model of Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd., this paper finds that it has implemented a two-wheel drive strategy of visionary assumptions and applied research in the field of basic research, forming a multi-level basic research development model based on direct participation, supported by loose coupling between universities and enterprises, and supplemented by individualized and precise support. Thus, the paper puts forward the suggestions to promote Chinese enterprises to carry out basic research, such as increasing tax relief, supporting enterprise participation in basic research, and strengthening intellectual property protection.

Through literature review and field research, using case study method, taking KL electric appliance group as an example, this paper deeply analyzes the problems and deficiencies in the process of enterprise innovation, and discusses the driving factors and specific paths of breakthrough innovation of emergency enterprises and industries combined with the reality of innovation and development of emergency industry. Furthermore, the paper explores the impact mechanism of technology and design dual-drive strategy on the breakthrough innovation of emergency industry, so as to guide the development and evolution of breakthrough innovation in emergency industry on the theoretical level. Finally, the proposal of actively changing the innovation mode, encouraging and promoting breakthrough innovation, paying full attention to the application of industrial design in emergency industry, and fully integrating design innovation and technological innovation are put forward.

Under the background of Sino-US competition, based on the entropy weight Topsis method, this paper establishes an evaluation model of scientific and technological strength from three aspects: new technology application ability, technological innovation ability and technical resource acquisition ability. By comparing the trends of the scientific and technological strength index of China and the United States from 2017 to 2021, the paper finds out that: firstly, China’s scientific and technological strength has grown rapidly, but there is still an absolute gap with the United States; secondly, the ability to apply technology has increased simultaneously; thirdly, China's technological innovation ability is still lower than that of the United States, but its growth potential is relatively large; fourthly, China is rapidly narrowing the gap with the United States in terms of technological resource acquisition capabilities. Thus, the paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions for China to accelerate the popularization and application of new technologies, solve technical bottlenecks, and build fair and open technology trade rules.

Combined with the development trend of Sino-US science and technology competition, on the basis of combing and analyzing the basic situation, characteristics and reasons of US technology export controls on China, this paper analyzes the impact of US technology export controls on Guangdong's industrial development and scientific and technological innovation activities. The research results show that: (1) US export controls mainly focus on the field of high and new technologies, which have a greater impact on the innovation and development of Guangdong's new generation of information technology, artificial intelligence, new energy vehicles and other strategic emerging industries and pillar industries. (2) US export controls cover a variety of high-end precision instruments and equipment, which are not conducive to Guangdong innovation entities to carry out technology research and development activities. (3) US export controls have a large ripple effect, directly or indirectly affecting the transformation and upgrading process of Guangdong's traditional industries. Finally, the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for Guangdong responding to US technology export controls from the aspects of strengthening the analysis and judgment of the US science and technology policy, strengthening the “stranglehold” technology research, and improving the source supply capacity of key core technologies.

Based on the R&D activity data of 24 undergraduate universities in Shanghai from 2018 to 2019, this paper uses the DEA method to analyze the input-output efficiency of R&D activities, and analyzes its non-DEA-effectiveness based on the input redundancy rate and output shortage rate, finally uses the DEA grading effective evaluation method to further compare the resource utilization rate of R&D activities of various universities. The results show that the overall level of input-output efficiency of R&D activities in these 24 universities is not high, and the return to scale shows a decreasing trend; the under-output of non-DEA-effective universities is mainly reflected in the actual income of the year obtained from technology transfer, and the redundancy of inputs is mainly reflected in the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel.

In the context of the rapid development of information technology, huge data often brings great burden to data storage and calculation. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of audit work, this paper combines the feature selection algorithm and the big data processing technology to develop the audit data platform. By using the two-stage feature selection algorithm model which is improved on the basis of the fast correlation filter feature selection algorithm (FCBF), the characteristics are measured by the maximum mutual information coefficient, and the evaluation criteria for calculating weak correlation and redundancy is introduced. The system is oriented towards the company's audit data set, and after the characteristic selection, the innovation level of the sample is analyzed to achieve the effect of intelligent analysis.

This paper systematically reviews the 40-year development course of Guangdong talent market and the 40-year evolution of talent policy, summarizes the experience of Guangdong talent system and mechanism reform, which includes respecting the law of talent allocation, establishing an inclusive talent system, servicing development positioning and industrial layout, creating a good environment for talent development and focusing on the precise incubation of innovation ability. Besides, the paper puts forward some suggestions for the innovation-driven development of talent in the future, including formulating a regionalized talent policy according to local conditions, constantly innovating incentives for high-level talents, innovating talent introduction mechanism with the help of “Internet+”, improving the mechanism for ensuring the development of high-level talents and promoting the system of talent assessment and training in line with international standards.

Scientific and technological innovation and enterprise research and development have always been highly valued in the United States, the government supports the scientific and technological innovation and promotes the rapid development of industry through R&D funding and tax incentives. Though China's scientific and technological innovation industry started late, the policy towards innovation industry has been sorted out with the implements of the innovation-driven development strategy. In recent years, China's tax incentives are continue to be improved, but still need further promotion in the structural tax reduction. Compared with the world's innovative countries, the intensity and scale of China's research and development expenditure still have some distance away, but the gap is gradually decreasing. In addition, although the intensity of research and development investment in Guangdong province has been improved, but compared with other domestic provinces, there is still a large gap, and the impact of the stop of R&D funding needs to be empirical researched.

The off-site new type R&D institution held by university must adhere to the concept of in-depth integration of scientific research, social service, and local high-tech development, and pay close attention to its special role in the university discipline support, functional extension and cross-regional interaction in terms of functional positioning, thus effectively serves the enhancement of the comprehensive disciplinary power of the university. The practice of the Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University shows that in order to ensure sustained growth impetus for new research institutes, the institute must firmly follow the development pattern of concentrating on national science strategic needs, develope through technological innovation, and promote the substantial operation of the institutes. The development pattern of the off-site new type R&D institution held by university is to concentrate on the development goal in cutting-edge technology, gather and acquire core resources, and issue flexible and innovative development policies, thus paves up a fast lane.

Based on current situation of the empowerment reform of scientific and technological achievements in Guangdong, this paper combs and analyzes the relevant policies and measures at the national and Guangdong levels, and in view of the problems existing in the implementation of reform policies in Guangdong, it proposes countermeasures and suggestions such as introducing supporting policies for the empowerment reform, establishing exemption mechanism, and perfecting local regulations, in order to provide reference for Guangdong to promote the deepening implementation of empowerment reform of scientific and technological achievements,and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

This paper summarizes the main performance of the China Southern Power Grid in the development of innovation: having a relatively complete innovation platform system and a high-level innovative talent team led by academicians, the core technology of HVDC transmission is in the world's leading position, but the level of research and development investment is not high. Secondly, based on the factors such as development trend of energy Internet, the reformation of electric power system, staff innovation, transformation of scientific and technological achievements, fulfilling overseas social responsibility, the paper analyzes the impact of these factors on the innovation and development of China Southern Power Grid. Finally, the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the innovation and development of China Southern Power Grid from the aspects of broadening international cooperation market, improving the opening degree of innovation platform, increasing investment in technology research and development, and building a platform for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

The team of skilled personnel is an important subject supporting China's manufacturing and creation, and strengthening the training of skilled personnel is the due meaning of building a new development pattern. Based on the new challenges faced by the training of skilled talents in Foshan, this paper proposes to accelerate the exploration of a new path for the training of skilled personnel in the integration and development of the talent chain and the industrial chain, the coordinated development of pre-service and post-vocational education, the integration and development of production and education between schools and enterprises, and the coordinated development of skilled talents in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, so as to help Foshan build itself into city of craftsmanship.

In recent years, some cities and regions in China have taken the actual development of artificial intelligence into account, and promoted the high-quality construction of the new generation of national artificial intelligence innovative development pilot zone by taking advantage of regional advantageous resource endowment and industrial agglomeration effect. By systematically analyzing the advanced experiences of other cities in building national pilot zones and summarizing their shortcomings, this paper puts forward suggestions such as establishing an efficient and collaborative work promotion mechanism, designing forward-looking layout of key common technology research and development, accelerating the gathering of innovation resources, and building typical application demonstrations, in order to provide experience for promoting Guangzhou's science and technology innovation and the construction of thenew generation of national artificial intelligence innovative development pilot zone.